探索电工电子课程多元化的过程性考核方式

考试是高校实现人才培养目标的落脚点,探索基于实践项目制作、基于信息化手段、基于非标考题等多元化的过程性考核方式改革,加大过程性考核的分值比重,增加过程性考核方式的趣味性和创新性,优化电类课程考核模式,进而达到全面提升电工电子课程的高阶性、创新性和挑战度的终极目标。     

双盘式磁力耦合器振动噪声分析与实验研究

为了在双盘式磁力耦合器设计阶段分析振动噪声特性,优化双盘式磁力耦合器设计,提出了一种利用模态叠加原理来分析其振动噪声的方法。双盘式磁力耦合器具有高转矩密度与高效率等优势,因此逐渐发展成为煤矿机械柔性传动装置。由于双盘式磁力耦合内部的转子磁场非正弦分布以及涡电流谐波等因素影响,双盘式磁力耦合器输出转矩中不可避免的存在波动。若根据计算得出的双盘式磁力耦合器的电磁振动噪声特点,在设计时选取振动噪声小的参数进行优化组合,可在实际中降低其电磁振动及噪声,有利于减少制造成本。本文结合双盘式磁力耦合器的结构特征,提出了一种模态叠加响应法计算电磁振动噪声,建立了其电磁径向力的解析模型,并在多物理场耦合作用下分析主要电磁径向力波在工作频率内的谐波响应,最后在额定功率为55 kW双盘式磁力耦合器实验台上进行试验验证。基于麦克斯韦张量法,建立了双盘式磁力耦合器的径向电磁力解析模型,并得出0阶与10阶电磁径向力波是产生振动噪声的最主要原因;利用多物理场耦合分析法进行谐波响应NVH特性分析,结果显示0阶力波的振动加速度与形变量均大于10阶力波的振动加速度与形变量,因此双盘式磁力耦合器的电磁振动主要来源于0阶力波;在额定功率为55 kW,最高转速为1 500 r/min的双盘式磁力耦合器实验台进行振动测试,试验结果显示在1 500 r/min时,试验得出的最大振动峰值及频率约为35 m/s^2和4 950 Hz,与有限元仿真结果的误差对应为6.3%和1.1%;而当变频电机的输入转速依次增大时,振动加速度的理论值、仿真值与试验值的曲线形态较为接近,误差较小;噪声估计值与实测值的最大误差仅为8.9%,基本验证了本文所提出模态叠加法的正确性。     

An effective method of bulk materials moisture measurement using capacitive sensors

When we speak about capacitance moisture meters for bulk materials we have to face with different values of dielectric permittivity for different bulk materials in dehydrated state, what causes a method error that can be named ‘type uncertainty’. Besides, different varieties of the same material have different values of dielectric permittivity, which depend from geographical origin, processing conditions etc. It can be hardly predicted automatically and type uncertainty can be compensated only in separate situations with the help of preliminary calibration. Main tasks of the research are to develop new comparison principle of moisture measurement with better accuracy due to effective compensation of physical, chemical and granulometric composition influence on the result of moisture measurement, develop new primary and secondary instrument transducers. Moisture sensor consists of four measuring capacitors. Two of them should be filled with a sample, which moisture content should be determined, and other pair of measuring capacitors should be filled with a same substance, but previously dehydrated. Mathematical models, developed to take into account granulometric composition of a bulk material were used to carry out a comparison analysis for three types of instrument measuring transducers. Obtained results proved that suggested principle of moisture measurement provides effective compensation of granulometric composition influence. Developed measuring principle had been experimentally tested what helped to confirm that it provides two times better compensation of different physical and chemical composition for different materials in comparison with the direct comparison method.     

回弹检测法检测混凝土强度相关问题的探讨

本文就当前社会人们对建筑安全水平和质量要求不断提高的背景下,对回弹检测法检测混凝土强度的相关问题进行探讨,并以此推动回弹法检测混凝土强度行业标准的规范化发展进程,希望能够给从事相关行业的工作者提供帮助。     

具有外套管的释热元件表面温度求解

为进行具有外套管的释热元件的性能分析，需准确计算元件包壳外侧的温度分布。由于套管结构内外均存在流体，传热情况较为复杂，因此本文基于传热基本方程和能量守恒关系，设计开发了专用的迭代算法和计算程序求解该结构温度分布，并采用典型算例，将计算结果与Fluent软件仿真结果进行对比。结果表明，本文程序计算结果与Fluent软件仿真结果的相对误差小于5%。基于本算法编写的程序模块与燃料元件性能分析程序相耦合，可提高燃料性能分析流程的独立性。     

HSDN‐GRA: A hybrid software‐defined networking‐based geographic routing protocol with multi‐agent approach

We propose in this paper a Hybrid Software‐Defined Networking‐based Geographical Routing Protocol (HSDN‐GRA) with a clustering approach. It takes into account three different criteria to select the best relay to send data: (1) the contact duration between vehicles, (2) the available load of each vehicle, (3) and the log of encountered communication errors embedded in each cluster head. The multi‐criteria strategy allows the selection of the most reliable vehicles by avoiding communication problems and ensuring connection availability. Once the hybrid control plane has found out the next eligible neighbor, the data plane will be in charge of dividing and sending data. To validate our approach, HSDN‐GRA has been modeled and implemented in JADE, a multi‐agent platform, to be compared to other multi‐agent based protocols. Simulation results show that HSDN‐GRA achieves good performance with respect to the average routing overhead, the packet drop rate, and the throughput.     

中国大气田科学开发的内涵

大气田是指天然气探明地质储量超过300×10~8 m~3、天然气峰值年产量在10×10~8 m~3以上且具有一定稳产期的气田。其是中国天然气储产量快速增长和未来长期稳定发展的重要基础,也是保障我国供气安全的关键。通过对国内外260余个大气田开发实践的系统分析和典型气田的解剖模拟,综合研究了大气田科学开发的内涵、核心技术以及全生命周期指标体系。大气田科学开发的内涵包括:①提出以"识别水、控制水、治理水"为技术体系的天然气开发理念,即常规气田"控水开发"、非常规气田人工压裂"注水开发",根据气藏类型和气藏特征,确定合理的采气速度;②综合评价气田开发经济效益和社会效益,保障气田长期稳产;③根据气井生产特征和储层发育特征,选取适用的气田稳产方式;④依据对常规与非常规气藏不同开发阶段的精细描述、气藏开发特征和生产动态的监测,确定气田可采储量、气田水与人工注水开发规律、气田提高采收率技术对策、气田效益稳产期与发展战略。大气田科学开发的核心技术包括:规模优化技术、科学布井技术、均衡开采技术和深度挖潜技术。进而综合优选出产量、压降、采出程度、单位压降产量等多个参数作为评价大气田科学开发的关键指标,建立了高压、低渗透—致密、裂缝—孔隙型和页岩气等4类气藏的全生命周期指标体系。结论认为,该研究成果有助于指导不同类型大气田的科学开发,进一步促进我国天然气产业的快速发展。     

Facile synthesis of asymmetric patchy Janus Ag/Cu particles and study of their antifungal activity

Asymmetric patchy Ag/Cu Janus nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via a “seed-mediated” approach. This is the first report of synthesis of nanometer sized metal-based Janus NPs without using complicated methods. Selective adsorption of the surfactant onto the seed NPs leads to the formation of Janus type structure. Subsequently the reduction potential of Ag⁺/Ag⁰ and Cu²⁺/Cu⁰ systems directs the formation of the “patch”. The patchy Janus NPs show significant antifungal activity towards a potent rice pathogen thus offering the prospect of future application in crop protection.     

高熵氧化物的制备及应用研究进展

高熵氧化物作为近几年发展起来的新型氧化物体系，打破了传统掺杂氧化物的设计理念，由五种及以上氧化物以等摩尔或近等摩尔构成，因其具有简单的结构和优异的性能等受到国内外研究人员的广泛关注。高熵氧化物由于多主元且主元之间混乱排列，易形成岩盐型、氟化钙型、尖晶石型或钙钛矿等固溶体结构，从而表现出优异的性能，尤其在能源存储材料和磁性材料方面有十分广阔的应用前景，但目前对高熵氧化物应用研究较少。本工作介绍了国内外高熵氧化物的制备方法，主要包括固相法、热解法、共沉淀法、水热合成法和液相燃烧合成法等，比较了各方法的优缺点和发展前景；归纳了高熵氧化物作为锂离子电极材料、巨介电材料、磁性材料和催化材料等方面的应用；指出了高熵氧化物目前研究存在的问题，讨论了解决措施，展望了高熵氧化物未来的发展趋势。     

基于CFD-DEM方法的净化器流场模拟与结构优化

针对空气净化器能耗高的问题，使用离散元方法(DEM)在吸附滤网中建立随机堆积柱形活性炭模型，采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法对空气净化器内部流场进行数值模拟，在模拟与实验验证的基础上，考察了压降最小、流场最均匀的吸附滤网结构。结果表明，空气净化器压降主要发生在轴向，活性炭吸附滤网中回流、沟流现象严重，流体阻力是其他两种滤网的3倍。边数对多边形填充孔结构吸附滤网内压降与流场均匀性无影响，当孔结构改为圆形时，压降减小约52 Pa，节能18.4%(49 W)；当孔直径由8 mm增至12 mm，压降减小约48 Pa，节能19.4%(45 W)；滤网间距对空气净化器压降无影响，圆形、小孔径的吸附滤网内流场最均匀。